CRISPR is a Genome Engineering technique that uses protein to interact with DNA. Genome editing begins with dsDNA cleavage. Cas9 is a dual-RNA-guided dsDNA endonuclease that is programmed by a single chimeric RNA. The guide RNA positions the Cas9 enzyme to the correct position on the target DNA for cleavage.
游離 DNA (circulating cell free DNA, cfDNA) 是指在細胞外呈現游離狀態無細胞保護的 DNA，廣泛存在於人類的血清、血漿、尿液等當中。尤其血液中的游離 DNA 更是現今蓬勃發展的「非侵入性檢測」技術的主要檢測標的。就產前醫學診斷來說，胎兒在母親懷孕期間，部分 DNA 會游離在母親血液當中，透過萃取母親體內的 cfDNA 可對胎兒進行非侵入性的產前診斷。
The term “oligonucleotide” or “oligo” usually refers to a synthetic laboratory-made DNA or RNA strand. Oligonucleotides are used in biochemistry, biology, molecular diagnostics, genomics, and other molecular biology experiments.
